Open Circuit Test in Transformer

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Introduction:
Open circuit test ko hum transformer ki efficiency aur excitation current ko measure karne ke liye karte hain. Is test mein, transformer ki primary winding ko AC supply se connect kiya jata hai, lekin secondary winding ko kisi load se connect nahi kiya jata hai. Phir, hum transformer ki input voltage, input current, aur power consumption ko measure karte hain. In values se, hum transformer ki core loss, excitation current, aur efficiency ko calculate kar sakte hain.


Translation:
We conduct the open circuit test to measure the efficiency and excitation current of the transformer. In this test, the primary winding of the transformer is connected to the AC supply, but the secondary winding is not connected to any load. Then, we measure the input voltage, input current, and power consumption of the transformer. From these values, we can calculate the core loss, excitation current, and efficiency of the transformer.



Transformer ka Open Circuit Test: Ek Step-by-Step Guide 

Step 1: Preparation:
● Transformer ko de-energize aur safely isolate karen.
● Test ko high-voltage (HV) side pe kiya jata hai, jabki low-voltage (LV) side open rakha jata hai.


Step 2: Connections:
● HV winding ko ek rated voltage source se connect karen.
● Voltmeters, ammeters, aur wattmeters ko connect karen taaki applied voltage (V1), no-load current (I0), aur power (P0) measure kiya ja sake.


Step 3: Voltage Apply Karna:
●Dheere-dheere HV winding pe rated voltage apply karen.
● Ensure karen ki applied voltage transformer ke rated voltage ke barabar ho accurate results ke liye.


Step 4: Measurements:
● HV winding pe applied voltage (V1) measure karen.
● HV winding se guzarne wali no-load current (I0) record karen.
● Wattmeter se no-load power (P0) measure karen.


Step 5: Calculations:
● Core Losses (Iron Losses): Wattmeter se measured power (P0) core losses ko represent karta hai.
● No-Load Current: Measured current (I0) no-load current hai, jo do components mein divided hoti hai: magnetizing current (Im) aur core loss component (Ic).


Step 6: Results Interpretation
● Core losses aksar constant hoti hain aur applied voltage pe depend karti hain.
●No-load current usually chhoti hoti hai (around 2-5% of rated current).


Example 1:
● Applied Voltage (V1) = 240 V
● No-Load Current (I0) = 3 A
● No-Load Power (P0) = 150 W

》Transformer ke core losses 150 W hain. No-load current magnetizing characteristics aur core loss components ka indication deti hai.

Example 2:
● Applied Voltage (V1) = 220 V
● No-Load Current (I0) = 1.5 A
● No-Load Power (P0) = 75 W

》Transformer ke core losses 75 W hain. No-load current magnetizing characteristics aur core loss components ka indication deti hai.

Conclusion
Is test ko karne se hum transformer ki performance ko evaluate kar sakte hain aur uske efficiency ko badha sakte hain.

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