List of Constitutional Amendments of India (1st to 106th)

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An Overview of Changes Made to the Indian Constitution from 1950 to 2023

This list provides a comprehensive summary of all the constitutional amendments made in India, from the 1st amendment in 1951 to the 106th amendment in 2023. Each amendment is presented with its number, year, and a brief explanation of its purpose.

1st Amendment (1951)
Added restrictions on freedom of speech to preserve public order, security, and harmony.


2nd Amendment (1952)
Adjusted the representation of the states of Tamil Nadu and West Bengal in Parliament.


3rd Amendment (1954)
Modified boundaries of states and union territories.


4th Amendment (1955)
Provided protection for certain laws against judicial review, particularly in land reforms.


5th Amendment (1955)
Adjusted representation in the Parliament for certain territories.


6th Amendment (1956)
Reorganized states based on linguistic lines.


7th Amendment (1956)
Further reorganization of states and territories.


8th Amendment (1960)
Included Sindhi as a language in the Eighth Schedule.


9th Amendment (1960)
Gave the President power to adjust state boundaries and merge territories.


10th Amendment (1961)
Granted statehood to Goa, Daman, and Diu.


11th Amendment (1961)
Adjusted the representation of states in Parliament.


12th Amendment (1962)
Incorporated new states and union territories into the Union.


13th Amendment (1962)
Modified the distribution of powers between states and the center.


14th Amendment (1962)
Adjusted the territorial boundaries.


15th Amendment (1963)
Addressed issues related to national security and emergency provisions.


16th Amendment (1963)
Made amendments related to judicial review and powers of Parliament.


17th Amendment (1964)
Addressed land reforms and judicial powers.


18th Amendment (1966)
Introduced measures for administrative control.


19th Amendment (1966)
Reformed social and economic justice policies.


20th Amendment (1966)
Empowered the state to regulate certain laws.


21st Amendment (1967)
Included Bodo language in the Eighth Schedule.


22nd Amendment (1969)
Reformed electoral and administrative structures.


23rd Amendment (1970)
Extended the scope of social reforms.


24th Amendment (1971)
Expanded the power of Parliament to amend the Constitution.


25th Amendment (1971)
Introduced measures for national development and land reforms.


26th Amendment (1972)
Abolished the Privy Purse of former rulers.


27th Amendment (1972)
Made administrative changes in states and territories.


28th Amendment (1972)
Improved governance and land policies.


29th Amendment (1972)
Reformed taxation and property rights.


30th Amendment (1972)
Gave the central government authority over territorial adjustments.


31st Amendment (1973)
Reformed the electoral process.


32nd Amendment (1973)
Expanded emergency powers during national crises.


33rd Amendment (1974)
Introduced amendments to Fundamental Rights.


34th Amendment (1974)
Reformed land acquisition and social justice laws.


35th Amendment (1975)
Strengthened the governance structure and enhanced administrative controls.


36th Amendment (1975)
Expanded minority rights and ensured safety measures.


37th Amendment (1975)
Granted additional powers to the President in emergency situations.


38th Amendment (1975)
Strengthened emergency provisions for national security.


39th Amendment (1975)
Limited judicial review and expanded the role of the executive.


40th Amendment (1976)
Changed the relationship between Parliament and the judiciary.


41st Amendment (1977)
Introduced new administrative reforms and governance policies.


42nd Amendment (1976)
Made significant changes to the Preamble, added Fundamental Duties, and gave more power to Parliament.


43rd Amendment (1977)
Focused on judicial powers and protections.


44th Amendment (1978)
Restored civil rights and curtailed emergency powers.


45th Amendment (1980)
Strengthened governance and administrative functions.


46th Amendment (1982)
Revised labor laws and extended social justice provisions.


47th Amendment (1984)
Expanded state powers and reforms in internal governance.


48th Amendment (1984)
Reformed property rights and taxation laws.


49th Amendment (1984)
Redefined the territorial boundaries of states.


50th Amendment (1985)
Improved administrative structures and regulations.


51st Amendment (1986)
Provided greater autonomy to local governments.


52nd Amendment (1986)
Addressed political transparency and electoral reforms.


53rd Amendment (1986)
Strengthened social justice laws.


54th Amendment (1986)
Simplified judicial procedures and reformed the legal system.


55th Amendment (1986)
Expanded the role of Parliament in national governance.


56th Amendment (1987)
Focused on internal governance reforms.


57th Amendment (1987)
Addressed administrative control and judicial efficiency.


58th Amendment (1988)
Introduced legal reforms regarding judicial decisions.


59th Amendment (1988)
Extended emergency powers to deal with national security issues.


60th Amendment (1989)
Reformed electoral laws for better political representation.


61st Amendment (1989)
Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 years.


62nd Amendment (1989)
Strengthened the Fundamental Rights of marginalized groups.


63rd Amendment (1990)
Modified electoral laws to ensure fairness.


64th Amendment (1990)
Focused on land and property laws.


65th Amendment (1990)
Strengthened the legal system to address national security.


66th Amendment (1990)
Improved governance and transparency in administrative functions.


67th Amendment (1990)
Reformed state powers and administrative divisions.


68th Amendment (1991)
Expanded policies for socio-economic development.


69th Amendment (1991)
Redefined state powers and boundaries in India.


70th Amendment (1992)
Strengthened the powers of local governments and Panchayats.


71st Amendment (1992)
Reformed laws regarding land acquisition and property rights.


72nd Amendment (1992)
Addressed educational reforms in the country.


73rd Amendment (1992)
Created constitutional provisions for the establishment of Panchayati Raj (local governance).


74th Amendment (1992)
Empowered Municipalities by granting constitutional status.


75th Amendment (1993)
Focused on improving land rights and economic reforms.


76th Amendment (1994)
Reformed political transparency and electoral processes.


77th Amendment (1995)
Strengthened social justice provisions in law.


78th Amendment (1995)
Simplified administrative processes.


79th Amendment (1995)
Strengthened economic and social welfare laws.


80th Amendment (2000)
Modified laws regarding the representation of states in Parliament.


81st Amendment (2000)
Extended reservations to backward classes in educational institutions.


82nd Amendment (2000)
Reformed the electoral system for better political participation.


83rd Amendment (2000)
Focused on improving land rights and economic reforms.


84th Amendment (2001)
Addressed laws related to reservation and land acquisition.


85th Amendment (2001)
Enhanced governance in the educational sector.


86th Amendment (2002)
Made education a fundamental right for children between 6 to 14 years (Article 21A).


87th Amendment (2003)
Adjusted the representation of states in Parliament.


88th Amendment (2003)
Reformed taxation laws to improve economic performance.


89th Amendment (2003)
Expanded provisions for backward class reservations.


90th Amendment (2003)
Strengthened the anti-defection laws to maintain political stability.


91st Amendment (2003)
Brought in reforms to reduce the influence of political defections.


92nd Amendment (2003)
Included Bodo language in the Eighth Schedule.


93rd Amendment (2005)
Introduced reservations for OBCs in educational institutions.


94th Amendment (2006)
Reformed laws related to local governance and self-governance.


95th Amendment (2006)
Strengthened social justice provisions in law.


96th Amendment (2007)
Reformed governance structures in specific areas.


97th Amendment (2011)
Strengthened the cooperative movement.


98th Amendment (2011)
Reformed the electoral system for better representation.


99th Amendment (2014)
Introduced the National Judicial Appointments Commission.


100th Amendment (2015)
Ratified the Land Boundary Agreement with Bangladesh.


101st Amendment (2016)
Introduced Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India.


102nd Amendment (2018)
Extended reservations for SCs and STs.


103rd Amendment (2019)
Introduced reservations for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS).


104th Amendment (2020)
Extended SC/ST reservations in legislatures.


105th Amendment (2021)
Focused on enhancing backward class reservations in states.


106th Amendment (2023)
Proposed women’s reservation in Parliament.

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