Magnetism kya hai and It's Application

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Magnetism ek physical phenomenon hai jo moving charges ya magnets ke interaction ki wajah se hota hai.



1. Magnetism ki Basic Definition
Magnetism ek attractive ya repulsive force hai jo magnets aur magnetic materials (iron, cobalt, nickel) ke beech hoti hai.

Magnetic force moving electric charges aur magnetic dipoles ke interaction ki wajah se hoti hai.



2. Magnetic Poles
Poles: Har magnet ke do poles hote hain North Pole (N) aur South Pole (S).
Rule: Like poles repel (N-N, S-S) aur unlike poles attract (N-S).

Magnetic poles kabhi alag nahi hote; agar ek magnet ko tod diya jaye, har part ke paas fir bhi ek North aur South pole hoga.


3. Magnetic Field
Magnet ke aas-pass ek invisible area hota hai jisme magnetic force kaam karti hai, ise magnetic field kehte hain.

Symbol: Magnetic field ko B se denote kiya jata hai.
Unit: Magnetic field ki SI unit Tesla (T) hai.
Field Lines: Magnetic field lines North se South pole ki taraf jaati hain aur lines dense hone ka matlab stronger field hai.



4. Magnetic Materials
Magnetic materials ko unki properties ke basis par classify kiya jata hai:

Ferromagnetic: Strongly magnetized (e.g., Iron, Nickel).
Paramagnetic: Weakly magnetized (e.g., Aluminum).
Diamagnetic: Magnetism oppose karte hain (e.g., Copper).



5. Earth's Magnetism
Earth ek giant magnet ki tarah kaam karti hai. Iska magnetic field ek bar magnet ke field ke jaisa hai.
Magnetic Declination: True geographic north aur magnetic north ke beech ka angle.
Magnetic Dip: Magnetic field aur horizontal plane ke beech ka angle.



6. Magnetic Force
Moving charges aur current-carrying conductors par magnetic field ka ek force lagta hai.



7. Magnetic Moment
Magnetic moment kisi magnetic dipole ki strength aur direction ko describe karta hai.



8. Electromagnetism
Electric current aur magnetism ke beech ka sambandh electromagnetism kehlata hai.

Oersted's Experiment: Current-carrying wire ke aas-pass magnetic field hoti hai.



9. Magnetic Flux
Magnetic field ka total strength ek specific area ke through magnetic flux kehlata hai.



10. Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction
Changing magnetic flux kisi conductor mein emf (electromotive force) induce karta hai.



11. Applications of Magnetism
Electromagnets: Lifting heavy magnetic materials.
Electric Generators: Mechanical energy ko electrical energy mein convert karte hain.
Transformers: Voltage step-up ya step-down karte hain.
MRI Machines: Body imaging ke liye strong magnets ka use hota hai.

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