Md Nawazish Iftikhar

An Overview of Changes Made to the Indian Constitution from 1950 to 2023 This list provides a comprehensive summary of all the constitutional amendments made in India, from the 1st amendment in 1951 to the 106th amendment in 2023. Each amendment is presented with its number, year, and a brief explanation of its purpose. 1st Amendment (1951) Added restrictions on freedom of speech to preserve public order, security, and harmony. 2nd Amendment (1952) Adjusted the representation of the states of Tamil Nadu and West Bengal in Parliament. 3rd Amendment (1954) Modified boundaries of states and union territories. 4th Amendment (1955) Provided protection for certain laws against judicial review, particularly in land reforms. 5th Amendment (1955) Adjusted representation in the Parliament for certain territories. 6th Amendment (1956) Reorganized states based on linguistic lines. 7th Amendment (1956) Further reorganization of states and territories. 8th Amendment (1960) Included Sindhi as a langu...

Magnetism ek physical phenomenon hai jo moving charges ya magnets ke interaction ki wajah se hota hai. 1. Magnetism ki Basic Definition Magnetism ek attractive ya repulsive force hai jo magnets aur magnetic materials (iron, cobalt, nickel) ke beech hoti hai. Magnetic force moving electric charges aur magnetic dipoles ke interaction ki wajah se hoti hai. 2. Magnetic Poles Poles: Har magnet ke do poles hote hain North Pole (N) aur South Pole (S). Rule: Like poles repel (N-N, S-S) aur unlike poles attract (N-S). Magnetic poles kabhi alag nahi hote; agar ek magnet ko tod diya jaye, har part ke paas fir bhi ek North aur South pole hoga. 3. Magnetic Field Magnet ke aas-pass ek invisible area hota hai jisme magnetic force kaam karti hai, ise magnetic field kehte hain. Symbol: Magnetic field ko B se denote kiya jata hai. Unit: Magnetic field ki SI unit Tesla (T) hai. Field Lines: Magnetic field lines North se South pole ki taraf jaati hain aur lines dense hone ka matlab stronger field hai....